So, we can now calculate the ionization energy here. 我们可以计算这的电离能。
Some quantum data such as ionization energy, advanced linear orbital level and conjugated energy were calculated by quantum chemical initial calculation method. 采用量子化学从头算的方法,对电离势、前线轨道能级和共轭能进行了计算。
So, thinking about ionization energy, which atom would you put in the middle here? 那么,从电离能的角度考虑,大家会把哪个原子放在中间?
So, oftentimes you'll just be asked about ionization energy. 经常你们会被问到关于电离能。
That is to say the ionization energy of the second most electron. 这是二级电离能,这就是说,电子数第二多的电离能。
Same sort of subtraction problem, what do we have for the ionization energy of the2 s electron? 进行类似的减法运算,得到的,2,s,电子的电离能应该是多大呢?
And we can calculate the ionization energy. 我们能够计算电离能。
And let's look at the final kinetic energy that we'd observe in this spectrum, which is384 electron volts, so what is that third corresponding ionization energy? 然后让我们来看一下,在光谱中观测到的,最后一种动能,它大小是,384,电子伏,那么这相应的第三种电离能是多大?
We would expect the ionization energy to decrease, that means that sulfur has our lowest ionization energy. 我们预期电离能会降低,这就意味着硫的电离能最低。
And specifically, when we talk about ionization energy, it's assumed that what we mean is actually the first ionization energy. 特别地,当我们讨论电离能的时候,我们默认,这指的是第一电离能。
So, we keep the atoms with the lowest ionization energy in the center. 因此,我们把电离能,最低的原子放在中间。
Ionization potential ( ionization energy): Amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule. 电离电势(亦称电离能):从孤立原子或分子中移去一个电子所需要的能量。
So, in terms of ionization energy, we would expect to see sulfur in the middle. 因此,按照电离能,我们应该把硫放在中间。
We know that binding energy is always negative, ionization energy is always positive. 我们知道结合能,总是负的,电离能总是正的。
Now this is a good place to start, because we are very familiar with ionization energy, we've been talking about it it's that minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom. 现在这是一个开始下面内容的好地方,因为我们已经很熟悉电离能了,我们从很久以前就一直在讨论,它是从一个原子中,拿走一个电子所需要消耗的最低能量。
We talked about ionization energy, electron affinity, we talked about electronegativity, which is just kind of a combination of the first two, and then ended with atomic radius here. 我们讲了电离能的,电子亲和能的,还讲了电负性的,也就是前两个的组合,最后讲了原子半径的。
Let's take a look at the lowest ionization energy in the center case. 让我们来看一下电离能最低在中间的情况。
So we can use an equation to relate the incident energy and the kinetic energy to the ionization energy, or the energy that's required to eject an electron. 因此我们可以用一个公式将入射能量,与动能和电离能,就是发射出一个电子所需要的能量关联起来。
In this case, it's called the ionization energy, plus whatever kinetic energy we have left over in the electron. 在这种情况下,它就是电离能,剩余部分将转化为,出射电子的动能。
Theoretical calculations on the adiabatic ionization energy of amidogen radical 胺基自由基绝热电离能的理论计算研究
So, this is first ionization energy, let's think about second ionization energy. 那么,这就是第一电离能,下面让我们来想一想第二电离能。
So we should be able to calculate a z effective for any atom that we want to talk about, as long as we know what that ionization energy is. 我们应该可以计算出任何一个,我们想要谈论的原子的有效电荷量,只要我们知道电离能是多少。
Our ionization energy is going to be equal to the incident energy coming in, minus the kinetic energy of the electron. 我们的电离能将等于,入射能量,减去电子的动能。
We will never have a case where ionization energy is negative. 我们绝不会见到一个,电离能是负值的情况。
So, this one can be tricky because oxygen looks like it's in the middle because of the way it's written, but we need to start by looking at the lowest ionization energy. 这个例子可能有些狡猾,因为氧看起来是在中间的,因为它是这样写的,但是我们需要从寻找最低的电离能开始。
Yeah. OK. We're looking for the lowest ionization energy. 对,好,我们再找最低的电离能。
As we go down a column, what happens is that the ionization energy decreases. 当我们沿着列向下走的时候,会发现电离能是在降低的。
For a given species the energy required to remove the first electron is called the first ionization energy, and so on. 对于某种物种,移去第一个电能量所需要的能量叫做第一电离能,依此类推。
Ionization Energy ( IE) and Electron Affinities ( EA) are expressed as kilojoules per mole. 电离能和电子亲和性表达为每千焦耳摩尔。
The ionization energy, of course, is just the negative of the binding energy. 电离能,我们知道也就是,负的结合能。